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Rather than force the encroaching interlopers out, the U.S. built several frontier forts to protect the settlers and miners in what the Indians thought was their territory. An Indian agent for the Sauk and Fox tribes, Thomas Forsyth, wrote to the U.S. War Department, “I cannot see how the major part of the Fox and some of the Sauk could exist without the mines.” The first known intruder was fur trader George Davenport, who dealt with the Indians. He was known to maintain friendly relations with the tribes. By 1823, several white squatters started moving into the area around Saukenuk and were using the Indians hunting grounds and tilling the soil. The Indians accepted a few in the area at first, but as more moved in, the Indians became more aggressive and tried to remove the squatters. Alerted by the settlers, Illinois Governor Ninian Edwards, petitioned the Department of War for the removal of the Sauk and Fox from the state in 1827. The year 1829 was a pivotal time in the breakdown of relations. The secretary of war with the support of President Andrew Jackson ordered the Indians removed to the Iowa Territory, just west of the Mississippi River. By 1829, American squatters had taken over much of the Saukenuk area and the Indians were incensed by this when they returned to hunt that area. Black Hawk was among those outraged, because he believed he had the right to the village and the burial grounds. Another chief, Keokuk disagreed with Black Hawk and dissension among the tribes followed. In 1831, Keokuk realized what was happening and he established a new home west of the Mississippi as he was more friendly toward the Americans. Black Hawk still had ties and support from the British and thought of himself as a great war chief. He intended to fight for the land where he was raised. Another grievance for the Indians happened when the fur trader Davenport, bought from the government 2,400 acres around Black Hawk’s home village of Saukenuk for furs and farming in the early 1830s. Black Hawk insisted he would stay east of the Mississippi which caused the new governor of Illinois John Reynolds to call out the militia to expel Black Hawk and his tribe. General Edmund Gaines commander of the U. S. Army of the West brought several companies of regulars up the Mississippi from Jefferson Barracks at St. Louis to northwestern Illinois. Black Hawk was not prepared for the overwhelming force of his opposition. He surrendered and moved west of the Mississippi. As part of the settlement, Black Hawk was not to cross the great river again without the permission of the governor of Illinois or the president of the United States. Probably what galled him the most was that he must recognize Keokuk as his tribe’s leader. The question everybody at the time had to consider was what would happen if Black Hawk decided to cross the river and what would the response of the settlers and governor of Illinois be, war or peace? War seemed more likely, especially with an unsettled war chief and a determined Governor Reynolds trying to protect settlers that were slowly, but surely, moving into the area the Indians considered their hunting grounds.
War caused by new fort
The Black Hawk War stands out in the history of Illinois because it was the most decisive conflict on Illinois soil pitting advancing settlers against Native American people. After that conflict, … more
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The new Grab It Here convenience store carries a wide variety of items. While the staff is happy to fill orders and deliver them to waiting vehicles, customers are also welcome to come inside and shop.
Convenience for all
A new concept in shopping has come to Paris. Pam and Thad Arrasmith recently opened a drive-thru convenience store. This store provides the convenience of shopping from a vehicle while they assist … more
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This ag mechanics class at Paris High School built a floating duck house for lakeside resident Art DuCharme. Left to right, Garrett Larrance, Mason Boatman, Nate Hollingsworth, Bryan Kohlmeyer, Shayne Whitaker, Kyle Tapscott, Clayton LaBaume, Landon Englum, Owen Porter, Logan Pine and teacher Jim Humrichous.
Floating duck condo
Sharp-eyed visitors to the West Lake will notice something new on the north shore. A miniature house floating on a raft is secured by ropes to the seawall protecting Art DuCharme’s home. He … more
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Damage to the historic Link Art Gallery amounts to broken windows, a bent fire escape, a banged-up overhang and missing bricks. None of the damage was structural, but the gallery has been closed to visitors and most staff while excavators demolished the Horace Link building.
Link Art Gallery looking ahead
The Link Art Gallery is carefully moving toward reopening now that it is out of the Horace Link building’s shadow. The Horace Link building, known locally as a former furniture store, was … more
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Restaurant Guide
At this year’s Wear Red Lunch, the audience size exceeded that of the past six annual events, as women gathered to hear from special guest speaker Mellanie True Hills on saving your own life and preventing heart disease.
Wear Red promotes heart health
On Friday, Feb. 7, Horizon Health held the 7th annual Wear Red Luncheon in observance of American Heart Month at the Tingley Reception Center. A record number of women came together, dressed in red … more
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Melissa Murphy waited nearly 20 years to receive her high school diploma but the determined Paris resident was honored Monday as the first graduate of the newly-established Paris Union School District 95 adult education program. Several special guests were present for the presentation, from left, members of the Paris City Council commissioners Jerry Branson, Harry Hughes, Drew Griffin and Mayor Craig Smith; Murphy, Paris 95 board president Kevin Knoepfel, Illinois State Sen. Chapin Rose who was instrumental in aiding the new program’s start up; Bob Abernathy of the ECCEL Academy who is aiding those who graduate in a job search if needed, and Paris 95 Superintendent of Schools Jeremy Larson.
Murphy is first graduate
A 39-year-old Paris woman became the first graduate of the new Paris 95 Adult Education Program and told an emotional story of her quest to receive her high school diploma. Melissa Murphy … more
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With retirement approaching and as he prepares to close his Frisse and Brewster Law Firm, Dave Frisse considers himself a lucky lawyer, because he had enjoyable and long relations with many clients and the opportunity to know and associate with so many good lawyers in the area.
Frisse takes down his shingle
From an early age, Dave Frisse knew what he wanted to do in life and after a career that has brought success, pioneered new approaches and gained notice by his peers, it is time to retire. As … more
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